Womens Health, Fitness, Weight Loss, Beauty and More

Functional Ovarian Cysts

Treatment Overview

Most functional ovarian cysts are harmless, do not cause symptoms, and go away without treatment. When treatment is necessary, treatment goals include:

Relieving symptoms of pelvic pain or pressure.
Preventing more cysts from developing by preventing ovulation (if recurrence is a problem). Treatment with birth control pills prevents ovulation.
Initial treatment
Because functional ovarian cysts typically go away without treatment within 1 to 2 menstrual cycles, your health professional may recommend a period of observation without treatment (watchful waiting) to see whether your ovarian cyst gets better or goes away on its own. Your health professional will do another pelvic exam in 1 to 2 months to see whether the cyst has changed in size.

If an ovarian cyst doesn’t improve in 1 to 2 menstrual cycles, your health professional may want to do more tests to be sure that your symptoms are not caused by another type of ovarian growth. Home treatment with heat and pain-relieving medication can often provide relief of bothersome symptoms during this time.

Ongoing treatment
A functional ovarian cyst that persists through 2 to 3 menstrual cycles, has an unusual appearance on ultrasound, or causes symptoms may require treatment with either medications or surgery.

Your doctor may suggest that you try birth control pills for several months to stop more cysts from forming.
Surgical removal of the cyst (cystectomy) through a small incision (laparoscopy) may be needed if a painful functional ovarian cyst does not go away despite medical treatment. If a cyst has an unusual appearance on ultrasound or if you have additional risk factors for ovarian cancer, your health professional may recommend surgical removal through a larger abdominal incision (laparotomy) instead of using laparoscopy.
What To Think About
Cysts after menopause. After menopause, ovarian cancer risk increases. This is why all postmenopausal ovarian growths are carefully checked for signs of cancer. Some doctors will recommend removing the ovaries (oophorectomy) when any kind of cyst develops on an ovary after menopause. But the trend in medicine seems to be moving away from surgery for small and simple cysts in postmenopausal women. In the 5 years after menopause, some women will still have functional ovarian cysts occasionally. Some postmenopausal ovarian cysts, called unilocular cysts, which have thin walls and one compartment, are rarely linked to cancer.1

Other conditions with symptoms similar to ovarian cysts

Other conditions that may have symptoms similar to ovarian cysts include:

Infection of the appendix (appendicitis).
Pregnancy involving the fallopian tube (ectopic pregnancy).
Endometrial tissue found outside of the uterus (endometriosis). When this tissue grows on an ovary, it is called an endometrioma.
Ongoing (chronic) inflammation of the intestines (inflammatory bowel disease).
Digestive problems, such as irritable bowel syndrome.
Formation of crystals in the urinary system (kidney stones).
Twisting of the ovary on its supporting ligament (ovarian torsion).
Inflammation or infection of the female pelvic organs (pelvic inflammatory disease, or PID).
Enlargement of and cyst formation in the ovaries (polycystic ovary syndrome, or PCOS). However, PCOS is a multisystem condition that also causes irregular menstrual cycles, weight gain, acne, excess hair growth, and insulin problems. Also, the cysts present in PCOS are usually less than 1.5 in. (3.81 cm) in diameter, smaller than is usually found in functional ovarian cysts.
Ovarian cancer often causes no symptoms, though early signs can include weight loss, weight gain, increased abdominal girth, gas, and bloating.